KEY LEARNINGS
  • Deep learning enables automatic feature discovery, eliminating the need for manual feature engineering.
  • The 2012 AlexNet breakthrough demonstrated the power of deeper neural networks.
  • Training deep learning systems requires massive computational resources, concentrating AI development among well-funded organizations.
  • Deep learning systems excel on benchmarks but may fail in real-world deployment scenarios.
  • Governance must account for the probabilistic nature and inherent opacity of deep learning systems.
  • Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. (2012). ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. NeurIPS.
  • LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015). Deep learning. Nature.
  • Silver, D., et al. (2016). Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search. Nature.