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History·January 2025·8 min read

Types of AI Intelligence

AI TypesNarrow AIAGIAI Classification

TL;DR

AI systems exist on a spectrum from reactive machines to hypothetical self-aware systems, but all current AI is narrow—excelling at specific tasks while lacking general human-like intelligence.

KEY LEARNINGS

✓AI exists on a spectrum from reactive machines to hypothetical self-aware systems.
✓All current AI systems, no matter how impressive, are classified as Narrow AI.
✓Limited Memory AI can learn from data but does not form lasting memories like humans.
✓Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) remains theoretical and is not present in any current system.
✓Governance approaches must be calibrated to the actual capabilities of each AI system.

Additional Resources

🌐IBM: Types of Artificial Intelligence
IBM's comprehensive overview of AI classification systems.
🌐OECD AI Classification Framework
International framework for categorizing AI systems by capability.
📰MIT Technology Review: The Four Types of AI
Accessible explanation of AI capability levels.

Sources & References

Russell, S., & Norvig, P. (2020). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (4th ed.). Pearson.
Bostrom, N. (2014). Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Oxford University Press.
NTSB. (2019). Collision Between Vehicle Controlled by Developmental Automated Driving System and Pedestrian. Accident Report NTSB/HAR-19/03.

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